Диспансерное наблюдение пациентов с фибрилляцией и трепетанием предсердий врачом-терапевтом в первичном звене здравоохранения. Методические рекомендации.
Методические рекомендации содержат описание организации проведения диспансерного наблюдения пациентов с фибрилляцией и трепетанием предсердий врачом-терапевтом, ориентировочный объем и частоту выполнения лабораторно-инструментальных исследований, сведения о диагностике и лечении заболевания, профилактике осложнений. Методические рекомендации предназначены для врачей-терапевтов участковых, врачей общей практики (семейных врачей), врачей-терапевтов участковых цехового врачебного участка, а также для среднего медицинского персонала, работающего с указанными врачами, для фельдшеров фельдшерско-акушерских пунктов (фельдшерских здравпунктов) в случае возложения на них функций лечащего врача. Методические рекомендации могут быть использованы врачами-организаторами здравоохранения, руководителями медицинских организаций первичной медико-санитарной помощи и их подразделений.
1. Бойцов С.А., Карпов Ю.А. Клиническая фармакология лекарственных средств для лечения заболеваний сердца и сосудов под редакцией. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2024. 720 с. ISBN 978-5-4235-0397.
2. Нарушения ритма сердца. Глава 33 из «Рациональная фармакотерапия сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: Руководство» под общей редакцией Е.И. Чазова, Ю.А. Карпова. 2014. С. 450–515.
3. Фибрилляция и трепетание предсердий у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации. Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 2020. URL: https://cardioweb.ru/files/glavny-kardiolog/rekomendation/К0382_ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИЯ_ТРЕПЕТАНИЕ_ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ.pdf (дата обращения 05.09.2024).
4. Peinado R, Arribas F, Ormaetxe JM, Badía X. Variation in quality of life with type of atrial fibrillation. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2010;63(12):1402-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1885-5857(10)70274-7.
5. Steinberg BA, Kim S, Fonarow GC, Thomas L, et al. Drivers of hospitalization for patients with atrial fibrillation: Results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). Am Heart J. 2014;167(5):735-42.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2014.02.003.
6. Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56-e528. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659.
7. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, Cha SS, et al. Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence. Circulation. 2006;114(2):119-25. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595140.
8. Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, Kors JA, et al. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(8):949-53. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi825.
9. Naccarelli GV, Varker H, Lin J, Schulman KL. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(11):1534-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.07.022.
10. Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, McMurray JJ. Population prevalence, incidence, and predictors of atrial fibrillation in the Renfrew/Paisley study. Heart. 2001;86(5):516-21. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.86.5.516.
11. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001;285(18):2370-5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.18.2370.
12. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP, Larson MG, et al. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2004;110(9):1042-6. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000140263.20897.42.
13. Roy D, Talajic M, Dorian P, Connolly S, et al. Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(13):913-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200003303421302.
14. Asad ZUA, Yousif A, Khan MS, Al-Khatib SM, et al. Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2019;12(9):e007414. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.119.007414.
15. Напалков Д.А., Соколова А.А., Габитова М.А., Даабуль И.С., Колпачкова Е.В., Крупичка К.С., Скрипка А.И. Прямые оральные антикоагулянты. Москва: 2019. 96 с.
16. Антитромботическая терапия в кардиологии. Под ред. Панченко Е.П. Москва: Издательство Группа Ремедиум; 2019.
17. Скирденко Ю.П., Николаев Н.А. Новые подходы к индивидуализированному выбору пероральных антикоагулянтов у больных фибрилляцией предсердий. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2018;14(1):58-64.
18. Urquhart J, Eisen G, Faigel DO, Mattek N, et al. A closer look at same-day bidirectional endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(2):271-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.063.
19. Rockey DC, Koch J, Cello JP, Sanders LL, et al. Relative frequency of upper gastrointestinal and colonic lesions in patients with positive fecal occult-blood tests. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(3):153-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199807163390303.
20. Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, Waterman AD, Culverhouse R, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J. 2006;151(3):713-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.017.
21. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373-498. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612.
22. Andersson T, Magnuson A, Bryngelsson IL, Frøbert O, et al. All-cause mortality in 272,186 patients hospitalized with incident atrial fibrillation 1995-2008: a Swedish nationwide long-term case-control study. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(14):1061-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs469.
23. Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, McMurray JJ. A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. Am J Med. 2002;113(5):359-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01236-6.
24. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1998;98(10):946-52. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.98.10.946.
25. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22(8):983-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.22.8.983.
26. Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, Mathewson FA, et al. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. Am J Med. 1995;98(5):476-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80348-9.
27. Kotecha D, Holmes J, Krum H, Altman DG, et al. Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group. Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9961):2235-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61373-8.
28. Grond M, Jauss M, Hamann G, Stark E, et al. Improved detection of silent atrial fibrillation using 72-hour Holter ECG in patients with ischemic stroke: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Stroke. 2013;44(12):3357-64. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001884.
29. Henriksson KM, Farahmand B, Åsberg S, Edvardsson N, et al. Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors and survival in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Int J Stroke. 2012;7(4):276-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00706.x.
30. Kishore A, Vail A, Majid A, Dawson J, et al. Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2014;45(2):520-6. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003433.
31. Kirchhof P, Schmalowsky J, Pittrow D, Rosin L, et al. ATRIUM Study Group. Management of patients with atrial fibrillation by primary-care physicians in Germany: 1-year results of the ATRIUM registry. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37(5):277-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22272.
32. Ulimoen SR, Enger S, Carlson J, Platonov PG, et al. Comparison of four single-drug regimens on ventricular rate and arrhythmia-related symptoms in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(2):225-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.09.020.
33. Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, Christenson J, et al. Safety and efficiency of calcium channel blockers versus beta-blockers for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and no acute underlying medical illness. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(3):222-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12091.
34. Tisdale JE, Padhi ID, Goldberg AD, Silverman NA, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous diltiazem and digoxin for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Am Heart J. 1998;135:739-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70031-6.
35. Farshi R, Kistner D, Sarma JS, Longmate JA, et al. Ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation during daily activity and programmed exercise: a crossover open-label study of five drug regimens. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(2):304-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00561-0.
36. Groenveld HF, Tijssen JG, Crijns HJ, Van den Berg MP, et al. RACE II Investigators. Rate control efficacy in permanent atrial fibrillation: successful and failed strict rate control against a background of lenient rate control: data from RACE II (Rate Control Efficacy in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(7):741-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.038.
37. David D, Segni ED, Klein HO, Kaplinsky E. Inefficacy of digitalis in the control of heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: beneficial effect of an added beta adrenergic blocking agent. Am J Cardiol. 1979;44(7):1378-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(79)90456-9.
38. Roth A, Harrison E, Mitani G, Cohen J, et al. Efficacy and safety of medium- and high-dose diltiazem alone and in combination with digoxin for control of heart rate at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1986;73(2):316-24. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.2.316.
39. Nergårdh AK, Rosenqvist M, Nordlander R, Frick M. Maintenance of sinus rhythm with metoprolol CR initiated before cardioversion and repeated cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(11):1351-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl544.
40. Ziff OJ, Lane DA, Samra M, Griffith M, et al. Safety and efficacy of digoxin: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and controlled trial data. BMJ. 2015;351:h4451. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4451.
41. Allen LA, Fonarow GC, Simon DN, Thomas LE, et al. ORBIT-AF Investigators. Digoxin Use and Subsequent Outcomes Among Patients in a Contemporary Atrial Fibrillation Cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(25):2691-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.045.
42. Nikolaidou T, Channer KS. Chronic atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of medical heart rate control management. Postgrad Med J. 2009;85(1004):303-12. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2008.068908.
43. Darby AE, Dimarco JP. Management of atrial fibrillation in patients with structural heart disease. Circulation. 2012;125(7):945-57. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.019935.
44. Mulder BA, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Crijns HJ, Tijssen JG, et al. RACE II Investigators. Digoxin in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation: data from the RACE II study. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(9):1543-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.06.007.
45. Yu HT, Yang PS, Lee H, You SC, et al. Outcomes of Rate-Control Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure - A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circ J. 2018;82(3):652-658. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0669.
46. Clemo HF, Wood MA, Gilligan DM, Ellenbogen KA. Intravenous amiodarone for acute heart rate control in the critically ill patient with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81(5):594-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00962-4.
47. Delle Karth G, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, Priglinger U, et al. Amiodarone versus diltiazem for rate control in critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(6):1149-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200106000-00011.
48. Hou ZY, Chang MS, Chen CY, Tu MS, et al. Acute treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter with a tailored dosing regimen of intravenous amiodarone. A randomized, digoxin-controlled study. Eur Heart J. 1995;16(4):521-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060945.
49. Tse HF, Lam YM, Lau CP, Cheung BM, et al. Comparison of digoxin versus low-dose amiodarone for ventricular rate control in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2001;28(5-6):446-50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03454.x.
50. Ecker V, Knoery C, Rushworth G, Rudd I, et al. A review of factors associated with maintenance of sinus rhythm after elective electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol. 2018;41(6):862-870. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22931.
51. Airaksinen KE, Grönberg T, Nuotio I, Nikkinen M, et al. Thromboembolic complications after cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation: the FinCV (Finnish CardioVersion) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(13):1187-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.089.
52. Hansen ML, Jepsen RMHG, Olesen JB, Ruwald MH, et al. Thromboembolic risk in 16 274 atrial fibrillation patients undergoing direct current cardioversion with and without oral anticoagulant therapy. EP Europace. 2015;17(1):18-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euu189.
53. Klein AL, Grimm RA, Murray RD, Apperson-Hansen C, et al. Assessment of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography Investigators. Use of transesophageal echocardiography to guide cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(19):1411-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200105103441901.
54. Hagens VE, Ranchor AV, Van Sonderen E, Bosker HA, et al. RACE Study Group. Effect of rate or rhythm control on quality of life in persistent atrial fibrillation. Results from the Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion (RACE) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(2):241-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.037.
55. Van Gelder IC, Tuinenburg AE, Schoonderwoerd BS, Tieleman RG, et al. Pharmacologic versus direct-current electrical cardioversion of atrial flutter and fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84(9A):147R-151R. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00715-8.
56. Фомина И.Г., Тарзиманова А.И., Ветлужский А.В. и др. Пропафенон при восстановлении и сохранении синусового ритма у больных с персистирующей формой фибрилляции предсердий. «ПРОМЕТЕЙ» – открытое мультицентровое исследование в РФ. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2006;1:37-40.
57. Тарасов А.В., Косых С.А., Бушуева Е.В. и др. Сравнение эффективности инъекционных форм антиаритмических препаратов пропафенона и амиодарона при проведении фармакологической кардиоверсии пароксизмальной фибрилляции предсердий. Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(1):81-86. https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2019.1.190286.
58. Pluymaekers NAHA, Dudink EAMP, Luermans JGLM, Meeder JG, et al. RACE 7 ACWAS Investigators. Early or Delayed Cardioversion in Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(16):1499-1508. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1900353.
59. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2010;31(19):2369-429. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq278.
60. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016;50(5):e1-e88. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezw313.
61. Um KJ, McIntyre WF, Healey JS, Mendoza PA, et al. Pre- and post-treatment with amiodarone for elective electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace. 2019;21(6):856-863. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euy310.
62. Singh SN, Tang XC, Reda D, Singh BN. Systematic electrocardioversion for atrial fibrillation and role of antiarrhythmic drugs: a substudy of the SAFE-T trial. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(2):152-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.10.036.
63. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137(2):263-72. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1584.
64. Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(12):857-67. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007.
65. Joundi RA, Cipriano LE, Sposato LA, Saposnik G; Stroke Outcomes Research Working Group. Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score of 1: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2016;47(5):1364-7. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012609.
66. Lip GY, Lane DA. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015;313(19):1950-62. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.4369.
67. Potpara TS, Polovina MM, Licina MM, Marinkovic JM, et al. Reliable identification of "truly low" thromboembolic risk in patients initially diagnosed with "lone" atrial fibrillation: the Belgrade atrial fibrillation study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(2):319-26. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.111.966713.
68. Chao TF, Liao JN, Tuan TC, Lin YJ, et al. Incident Co-Morbidities in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Initially with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score of 0 (Males) or 1 (Females): Implications for Reassessment of Stroke Risk in Initially 'Low-Risk' Patients. Thromb Haemost. 2019;119(7):1162-1170. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683933.
69. Chao TF, Lip GYH, Lin YJ, Chang SL, et al. Incident Risk Factors and Major Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Oral Anticoagulants: A Comparison of Baseline, Follow-up and Delta HAS-BLED Scores with an Approach Focused on Modifiable Bleeding Risk Factors. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118(4):768-777. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636534.
70. Rubboli A, Becattini C, Verheugt FW. Incidence, clinical impact and risk of bleeding during oral anticoagulation therapy. World J Cardiol. 2011;3(11):351-8. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v3.i11.351.
71. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest. 2010;138(5):1093-100. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0134.
72. Chang G, Xie Q, Ma L, Hu K, Zhang Z, et al. Accuracy of HAS-BLED and other bleeding risk assessment tools in predicting major bleeding events in atrial fibrillation: A network meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(4):791-801. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14692.
73. Lip GY, Lane DA. Bleeding risk assessment in atrial fibrillation: observations on the use and misuse of bleeding risk scores. J Thromb Haemost. 2016;14(9):1711-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13386.
74. Böhm M, Ezekowitz MD, Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, et al. Changes in Renal Function in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis From the RE-LY Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(23):2481-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.577.
75. Hijazi Z, Hohnloser SH, Andersson U, Alexander JH, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Compared With Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to Renal Function Over Time: Insights From the ARISTOTLE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(4):451-60. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2016.1170.
76. Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, Albaladejo P, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(16):1330-1393. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy136.
77. Mueck W, Kubitza D, Becka M. Co-administration of rivaroxaban with drugs that share its elimination pathways: pharmacokinetic effects in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;76(3):455-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12075.
78. Wang L, Zhang D, Raghavan N, Yao M, et al. In vitro assessment of metabolic drug-drug interaction potential of apixaban through cytochrome P450 phenotyping, inhibition, and induction studies. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010;38(3):448-58. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.109.029694.
79. Liesenfeld KH, Lehr T, Dansirikul C, Reilly PA, et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of the oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation from the RE-LY trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9(11):2168-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04498.x.
80. Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Wojdyla DM, Piccini JP, et al. ROCKET AF Steering Committee and Investigators. Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin among elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the Rivaroxaban Once Daily, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared With Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF). Circulation. 2014;130(2):138-46. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005008.
81. Halvorsen S, Atar D, Yang H, De Caterina R, et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to age for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: observations from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(28):1864-72. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu046.
82. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz M, et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation. 2011;123(21):2363-72. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.004747.
83. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, et al. ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(11):981-92. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1107039.
84. Braekkan SK, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FL, Algra A. Obesity and risk of bleeding: the SMART study. J Thromb Haemost. 2016;14(1):65-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13184.
85. Siontis KC, Zhang X, Eckard A, Bhave N, et al. Outcomes Associated With Apixaban Use in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation in the United States. Circulation. 2018;138(15):1519-1529. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035418.
86. Stanton BE, Barasch NS, Tellor KB. Comparison of the Safety and Effectiveness of Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Severe Renal Impairment. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(4):412-419. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1905.
87. Weir MR, Ashton V, Moore KT, Shrivastava S, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and stage IV-V chronic kidney disease. Am Heart J. 2020;223:3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2020.01.010.
88. Kubitza D, Roth A, Becka M, Alatrach A, et al. Effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;76(1):89-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12054.
89. Intagliata NM, Henry ZH, Maitland H, Shah NL, et al. Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Cirrhosis Patients Pose Similar Risks of Bleeding When Compared to Traditional Anticoagulation. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(6):1721-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-4012-2.
90. Hum J, Shatzel JJ, Jou JH, Deloughery TG. The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants vs traditional anticoagulants in cirrhosis. Eur J Haematol. 2017;98(4):393-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.12844.
91. De Caterina R, Husted S, Wallentin L, Andreotti F, et al. Vitamin K antagonists in heart disease: current status and perspectives (Section III). Position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis--Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease. Thromb Haemost. 2013;110(6):1087-107. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH13-06-0443.
92. Wan Y, Heneghan C, Perera R, Roberts N, et al. Anticoagulation control and prediction of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2008;1(2):84-91. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.796185.
93. Hylek EM, Skates SJ, Sheehan MA, Singer DE. An analysis of the lowest effective intensity of prophylactic anticoagulation for patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(8):540-6. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199608223350802.
94. Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Lau DH, et al. Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation and implications for the outcome of ablation: the ARREST-AF cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:2222–2231.
95. Abed HS, Wittert GA, Leong DP, et al. Effect of weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management on symptom burden and severity in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310:2050–2060.
96. Manolis AJ, Rosei EA, Coca A, et al. Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: diagnostic approach, prevention and treatment. Position paper of the Working Group «Hypertension Arrhythmias and Thrombosis» of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2012;30:239–252.
97. Kotecha D, Chudasama R, Lane DA, et al. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure due to reduced versus preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of death and adverse outcomes. Int J Cardiol. 2016;203:660–666.
98. Stewart S, Ball J, Horowitz JD, et al. Standard versus atrial fibrillation-specific management strategy (SAFETY) to reduce recurrent admission and prolong survival: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:775–84.
99. An J, Niu F, Zheng C, et al. Warfarin Management and Outcomes in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Within an Integrated Health Care System. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017;23:700–712.
100. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(12):1139-51. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0905561.
101. Urquhart J, Eisen G, Faigel DO, Mattek N, Holub J, Lieberman DA. A closer look at same-day bidirectional endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(2):271-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.063.
102. Faust O, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. A Review of Atrial Fibrillation Detection Methods as a Service. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093093.
103. Wynn GJ, Todd DM, Webber M, Bonnett L, McShane J, Kirchhof P, Gupta D. The European Heart Rhythm Association symptom classification for atrial fibrillation: validation and improvement through a simple modification. Europace. 2014;16(7):965-72. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eut395.
104. Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, et al. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:2093–2104.
105. Clarkesmith DE, Pattison HM, Lip GY, Lane DA. Educational intervention improves anticoagulation control in atrial fibrillation patients: the TREAT randomised trial. PLoS One. 2013;8:e74037.
106. Aliot E, Breithardt G, Brugada J, et al. Atrial Fibrillation AWareness and Risk Education group [comprising the Atrial Fibrillation Association (AFA), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE), and the World Heart Federation (WHF)]. An international survey of physician and patient understanding, perception, and attitudes to atrial fibrillation and its contribution to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Europace. 2010;12:626–633.
107. Hohnloser SH, Crijns H, van Eickels M, et al. Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:668–678.
108. Лукина Ю.В., Кутишенко Н.П., Марцевич С.Ю., Драпкина О.М. Разработка и валидация новых опросников в медицине на примере шкалы приверженности лекарственной терапии. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2021;17(4).